What is 1.4828 Stainless Steel?
Apr 03, 2026
Leave a message
1.4828 stainless steel, commonly known as 309 or UNS S30900, is a high-temperature austenitic stainless steel designed for applications requiring excellent oxidation resistance and good creep strength at elevated temperatures. With its higher chromium and nickel content compared to 304, it offers superior resistance to scaling and oxidation in continuous service up to 1000°C. It is widely used in furnace components, heat treatment equipment, and high-temperature industrial processes where resistance to thermal cycling and oxidation is critical.
This high-temperature austenitic grade is standardized under key international systems.
| Standard | Equivalent Grade |
|---|---|
| EN (Europe) | 1.4828 |
| ASTM/AISI (USA) | 309, UNS S30900 |
| JIS (Japan) | SUS309 |
| Common Name | 309 |
Its higher chromium and nickel content provides excellent high-temperature oxidation resistance.
| Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Content (%) | ≤ 0.20 | ≤ 1.0 | ≤ 2.0 | ≤ 0.045 | ≤ 0.03 | 22.0 - 24.0 | 12.0 - 15.0 |
It maintains good mechanical properties at both room and elevated temperatures.
| Property | Yield Strength (Rp0.2) | Tensile Strength (Rm) | Elongation (A) | Hardness (HB) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Typical Value (Room Temp) | ≥ 205 MPa | 500 - 750 MPa | ≥ 40% | ≤ 215 |
Key Characteristics and Applications of 1.4828 / 309
Excellent High-Temperature Oxidation Resistance: Forms a stable chromium oxide layer that protects against scaling and oxidation in continuous service up to 1000°C (1830°F) and intermittent service up to 980°C (1800°F).
Good Creep Strength: Maintains structural integrity under mechanical load at elevated temperatures, suitable for load-bearing high-temperature components.
Good Thermal Fatigue Resistance: Performs well under cyclic heating and cooling conditions due to its stable austenitic structure.
Resistance to Sulfur Atmospheres: Holds up better than many other stainless steels in environments containing moderate levels of sulfur compounds.
Primary Applications:
Heat Treatment Furnaces: Radiant tubes, retorts, baskets, furnace linings, and annealing covers.
Chemical Processing: High-temperature reactors, reformer tubes, and pyrolysis equipment.
Power Generation: Boiler components, superheater supports, and heat recovery systems.
Welding Filler Metal: Widely used as an overlay or filler for joining dissimilar metals.
Cement Industry: Preheater cyclones and ducting.
Ceramic Industry: Kiln furniture and car tops.
How does 309 (1.4828) compare to 309S (1.4833) and 310 (1.4841/1.4845)?
309 has a higher carbon content (≤0.20%) compared to 309S (≤0.08%), providing better creep strength at elevated temperatures but lower weldability. 309S is the low-carbon version preferred for welded applications where sensitization is a concern. Compared to 310 (25% Cr, 20% Ni), 309 has lower chromium and nickel content, giving it lower maximum service temperature (1000°C vs. 1150°C) but better economy. 309 is often chosen for applications where 310 is over-specified, or where the combination of moderate high-temperature performance and cost-effectiveness is required.
What are the welding considerations for 309?
309 has good weldability, but care must be taken due to its higher carbon content. Key considerations include:
309S (low carbon) is preferred for welded applications to avoid sensitization
Matching filler metals (ER309 for TIG/MIG, E309-16 for SMAW) are recommended
For welding dissimilar metals (carbon steel to stainless), 309 filler is the standard choice
Recommended heat input: 0.5-2.0 kJ/mm
Interpass temperature should be kept below 150°C
Post-weld cleaning and pickling/passivation are recommended for optimum corrosion resistance
What temperature range is 309 suitable for?
309 is suitable for continuous service up to 1000°C (1830°F) and intermittent service up to 980°C (1800°F). It maintains good oxidation resistance within this range, making it suitable for furnace components, heat treating equipment, and high-temperature process applications. For applications requiring higher temperature capability (above 1000°C), 310 (1.4845) with its higher chromium and nickel content is recommended. 309 should not be used in strongly reducing atmospheres or where halogens are present, as these can attack the protective oxide layer.
Looking for a Reliable Supplier of 1.4828 / 309 Stainless Steel?
GNEE Steel supplies high-temperature grade 309 (1.4828) stainless steel in plate, sheet, bar, pipe, and fitting forms for demanding furnace and process applications. We provide full material certification (EN 10204 3.1) and processing support including cutting, forming, and welding services. If you have any requirements, please feel free to contact us.
Send Inquiry