What is 1.4841 Stainless Steel?
Apr 03, 2026
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1.4841 stainless steel, commonly known as 310 or UNS S31000, is a high-temperature austenitic stainless steel with exceptional oxidation resistance and good creep strength at elevated temperatures. With its high chromium (24-26%) and nickel (19-22%) content, it offers superior resistance to scaling and oxidation in continuous service up to 1100°C, making it one of the most widely used materials for high-temperature applications. It is the material of choice for furnace components, heat treatment equipment, and high-temperature industrial processes where maximum oxidation resistance is required.
This high-temperature austenitic grade is standardized under key international systems.
| Standard | Equivalent Grade |
|---|---|
| EN (Europe) | 1.4841 |
| ASTM/AISI (USA) | 310, UNS S31000 |
| JIS (Japan) | SUS310 |
| Common Name | 310 |
Its high chromium and nickel content provide exceptional high-temperature oxidation resistance.
| Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Content (%) | ≤ 0.20 | ≤ 1.5 | ≤ 2.0 | ≤ 0.045 | ≤ 0.03 | 24.0 - 26.0 | 19.0 - 22.0 |
It maintains good mechanical properties at both room and elevated temperatures.
| Property | Yield Strength (Rp0.2) | Tensile Strength (Rm) | Elongation (A) | Hardness (HB) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Typical Value (Room Temp) | ≥ 205 MPa | 500 - 750 MPa | ≥ 40% | ≤ 215 |
Key Characteristics and Applications of 1.4841 / 310
Exceptional High-Temperature Oxidation Resistance: Forms a stable, adherent chromium oxide layer that protects against scaling and oxidation in continuous service up to 1100°C (2010°F) and intermittent service up to 1050°C (1920°F).
Good Creep and Rupture Strength: Maintains structural integrity under mechanical load at elevated temperatures, suitable for load-bearing high-temperature components.
Excellent Sulfur Resistance: Performs well in sulfur-containing atmospheres, where many other stainless steels would rapidly degrade.
Good Thermal Fatigue Resistance: Withstands repeated heating and cooling cycles without significant degradation.
Primary Applications:
Heat Treatment Furnaces: Radiant tubes, muffles, retorts, baskets, furnace rolls, and annealing covers.
Chemical & Petrochemical: Reformers, pyrolysis tubes, and catalyst support grids in high-temperature processes.
Power Generation: Boiler components, superheater supports, and heat recovery systems.
Glass & Ceramic Manufacturing: Hot handling equipment and kiln furniture.
Cement Industry: Preheater cyclones and ducting.
Waste Incineration: Combustion chambers and heat exchangers.
Welding Filler Metal: Used for high-temperature applications and joining dissimilar metals.
How does 310 (1.4841) compare to 310S (1.4845) and 309 (1.4828)?
310 has a higher carbon content (≤0.20%) compared to 310S (≤0.08%), providing better creep strength at elevated temperatures but lower weldability. 310S is the low-carbon version preferred for welded applications where sensitization is a concern. Compared to 309 (23% Cr, 13% Ni), 310 has higher chromium and nickel content, giving it superior oxidation resistance and higher maximum service temperature (1100°C vs. 1000°C). 310 is chosen for the most demanding high-temperature applications, while 309 is selected for less severe conditions or as a cost-effective alternative.
What are the welding considerations for 310?
310 has good weldability, but care must be taken due to its higher carbon content. Key considerations include:
310S (low carbon) is preferred for welded applications to avoid sensitization
Matching filler metals (ER310 for TIG/MIG, E310-16 for SMAW) are recommended
For welding dissimilar metals, 310 filler may be used for high-temperature applications
Recommended heat input: 0.5-2.0 kJ/mm
Interpass temperature should be kept below 150°C
Post-weld heat treatment is not typically required but may be beneficial for heavy sections
Post-weld cleaning and pickling/passivation are recommended for optimum corrosion resistance
What are the limitations of 310 stainless steel?
While 310 offers exceptional high-temperature performance, it has several limitations:
High carbon content can lead to sensitization if welded without proper care
Not suitable for aqueous corrosion applications where other grades perform better
High nickel content makes it more expensive than lower alloyed grades
Can be prone to sigma phase embrittlement if held in the 650-900°C range for prolonged periods
Limited resistance to highly reducing atmospheres and halogen gases
Lower strength at room temperature compared to precipitation-hardening grades
Looking for a Reliable Supplier of 1.4841 / 310 Stainless Steel?
GNEE Steel supplies premium high-temperature grade 310 (1.4841) stainless steel in plate, sheet, bar, pipe, and fitting forms for the most demanding furnace and process applications. We provide full material certification (EN 10204 3.1) and processing support including cutting, forming, and welding services. If you have any requirements, please feel free to contact us.
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