321 Stainless Steel Hot Working Processes

1. What is the optimal hot working temperature for 321? 1100-1250°C; avoid below 925°C to prevent hot shortness.

2. Can 321 be hot-forged? Yes, for producing large components like valves and flanges.

3. How to cool 321 after hot working? Air cooling is sufficient for most applications; water quenching for critical components.

4. Does hot working affect 321's titanium stabilization? No, proper hot working preserves titanium carbide formation.

5. What is hot shortness in 321? Brittleness from sulfur segregation, avoided by staying above 925°C.